The season into which a baby is born may influence the development of later disease and ultimately lifespan. A recent New Zealand study has attempted to explain this phenomenon with an investigation into the influence of the seasons on nutrient intake in pregnancy. A group of 214 women were followed throughout pregnancy and their diet weighed and recorded at four and seven month’s gestation. Nutrient intake was calculated and analysed according to the season. The data was discussed with relevance to the previously reported associations between the season of birth and risk of specific disease.
Babies delivered in winter were born when maternal folate and calcium levels were low. Winter babies have been shown to have an increased risk of developing schizophrenia. The authors postulate that low folate in the critical last month of brain development may account for this association. The reported increased risk of multiple sclerosis in children born in spring may be associated with the low summer intake of vitamin C, selenium and zinc correlating with early development of the infant’s nervous system.
Interestingly, autumn births have been associated with longevity in a number of studies. In this study, autumn born babies were exposed to a rich intake of antioxidants throughout the crucial embryonic and early fetal period. It has been proposed that this is a critical period for free radical insults which may affect lifespan potential. Overall, it was found that intakes of many nutrients are highest in spring and lowest in summer.
This insightful study brings the role of diet in pregnancy into a new light. Variations in nutrient supply during critical periods of development may have a substantial impact on the child’s later life. The role of folate in early pregnancy has been well publicized however its role in the final stages of gestation may be underestimated. Antioxidants may be another group of n nutrients lacking for pregnant women. While other factors likely also contribute to this effect of birth season, it is well worth emphasizing the role of an optimal diet high in nutrients throughout the preconception and pregnancy period.
In my clinic I ensure all my preconception patients understand the importance of a highly nutritious organic diet along with carefully selected supplementation. Our aim is to create wonderfully healthy conceptions and babies, not just a conception on its own. By feeding your body the building blocks it requires, you can ensure that you give your child the healthiest possible start to life.
Watson PE, McDonald BW. Seasonal variation of nutrient intake in pregnancy: effects on infant measures and possible influence on diseases related to season of birth. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2007 Nov;61(11):1271-80
